Einstein concludes by identifying the root cause of the problem: the human mentality.
The speech attacks the sacred concept of "National Sovereignty." Einstein posits that in the atomic age, absolute sovereignty is suicidal.
Einstein placed special responsibility on scientists. Having unlocked the atom, they could not remain in their labs. They had to become educators and activists, informing citizens about the real dangers. He believed that an informed public, not just politicians, would demand world government.
Einstein argues that the problem is not the weapon itself, but the lack of a global authority to control it. He posits that secrecy and the arms race are inevitable results of a divided world.