| Level | Type | Speed | Volatility | |-------|------|-------|-------------| | Register | Internal | Fastest | Volatile | | Cache | SRAM | Very Fast | Volatile | | RAM | DRAM | Fast | Volatile | | Hard Disk | Magnetic | Slow | Non-volatile | | SSD | Flash | Moderate | Non-volatile |
Primary Memory:
Secondary Memory:
| Generation | Period | Technology | Example | |------------|--------|------------|---------| | First | 1946-1959 | Vacuum Tubes | ENIAC, UNIVAC | | Second | 1959-1965 | Transistors | IBM 1401 | | Third | 1965-1971 | IC Chips | IBM 360 | | Fourth | 1971-1980 | Microprocessors | Apple II, IBM PC | | Fifth | 1980-Present | AI & Parallel Processing | Modern PCs, Supercomputers | computer awareness arihant pdf free
Most state libraries (Delhi Public Library, Connemara Public Library, etc.) and university libraries stock multiple copies of this popular book. You can borrow it for 1–2 months for a negligible fee. | Level | Type | Speed | Volatility