He provides a fascinating analysis of Augustus. Kovaliov argues that the Empire was a "necessary evil"—a dictatorship of the slave-owners that stabilized the slave economy. He covers the Julio-Claudians, Flavians, and "Good Emperors" with a focus on administrative efficiency rather than moral biography.
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Unlike triumphalist historians, Kovaliov examines the Punic Wars as economic warfare. He discusses how the influx of slaves and gold from Carthage and Greece destroyed the small Roman farmer, creating the urban mob that would later support populist generals like Marius and Caesar. Disclaimer: This article does not host or provide