Mallu Actress Seema Hot Video Clip3gp Link Direct
Kerala’s culture is a mosaic of Hindu, Muslim, and Christian traditions, each with distinct customs, cuisines, and hierarchies. Malayalam cinema has recently broken taboos by directly addressing caste and religious hypocrisy.
At its heart, Kerala culture is deeply verbal. The Malayali love for satire, wordplay, and literary argument is legendary. Malayalam cinema excels in dialogue that is conversational, earthy, and layered with local idioms. The scripts of Sreenivasan and the late K. G. George brought the cadence of actual Kerala speech to the screen.
Consider the legendary Sandesham (1991), a political satire that deconstructs Kerala’s faction-ridden left and right politics. Its humor relies entirely on the audience’s understanding of thallu (exaggerated boasting), rashtreeya kuthuhalam (political curiosity), and the linguistic nuances of different caste and class groups. Similarly, Joji (2021) adapts Macbeth to a Syrian Christian plantation family, using the silent, loaded glances and terse Malayalam of a feudal household to build tension.
Malayalam cinema regularly tackles Kerala-specific issues:
Kerala is globally recognized for the "Kerala Model" of development—high literacy, universal healthcare, and land reforms. Malayalam cinema has been both a product and a critic of this model. The New Wave (often called the "Parallel Cinema" movement) of the 1970s and 80s, led by directors like Adoor Gopalakrishnan (Elippathayam) and G. Aravindan, explored the decay of feudal Nair tharavads (ancestral homes) unable to adapt to modernity.
Contemporary cinema continues this tradition. Kumbalangi Nights (2019) subverts the traditional patriarchal Malayali family by placing four flawed, sensitive brothers in a dilapidated house by the backwaters. It tackles mental health, toxic masculinity, and the idea of a non-traditional "family" with nuance. The Great Indian Kitchen (2021) is a searing critique of gendered labor within a seemingly progressive Hindu household in Kerala, exposing the gap between the state’s political literacy and its domestic conservatism.
Malayalam cinema is the conscience and the chronicle of Kerala. It does not shy away from the state’s contradictions—high literacy alongside deep patriarchy, communist politics alongside caste hierarchies, natural beauty alongside environmental degradation. In return, Kerala provides its cinema with inexhaustible raw material: a literate audience that demands realism, a diverse landscape, and a living, breathing culture of argument, art, and emotion. To watch a good Malayalam film is to spend time in Kerala itself, with all its laughter, anger, and melancholy intact. This relationship remains one of the most authentic and enduring partnerships between a regional cinema and its mother culture in the world today.
The rain in Kerala doesn’t just fall; it tells a story. It starts with a gentle tapping on the terracotta tiles, builds to a rhythmic drumming on the asphalt, and often crescendos into a torrential downpour that washes away the boundaries between the viewer and the screen.
For Thomas Chacko, a retired schoolteacher living in a quiet village near Thrissur, the arrival of the monsoon always signaled one thing: it was time to visit the Anjali Talkies.
The Anjali was a relic. In an era of gleaming multiplexes serving caramel popcorn, the Anjali smelled of damp concrete, roasted peanuts wrapped in old newspapers, and the distinct, earthy scent of rain. Thomas adjusted his thick spectacles, bought a ticket for the three-rupee balcony seat, and settled in. He wasn’t just here to watch a movie; he was here to witness a reflection of his own life.
The film that day was a throwback, a re-release of a classic from the Golden Age of the 80s. As the projector whirred to life, a beam of light cut through the cigarette smoke, illuminating the silver screen.
The story on screen was deceptively simple. It followed the life of a struggling writer in a sleepy village, a man caught between his duty to his large, unruly family and his desire to write the great Malayalam novel. Thomas leaned back, his fingers drumming on the wooden armrest. He knew this story. He had lived it.
On screen, the protagonist, played by the legendary Prem Nazir, walked through a marketplace. Thomas’s eyes drifted to the background details—the thattukada (roadside eatery) serving steaming parippu vada, the red letters of the Communist Party flag fluttering in the wind, the distinct gold-bordered kasavu saree of a woman crossing the street.
This was the magic of Malayalam cinema. It didn’t deal in gods descending from the heavens to save mortals. It dealt with mortals who saved each other over cups of strong chai and long debates about politics and literature. It was cinema rooted in the mitti—the soil.
Suddenly, the power cut.
The screen went black. The theater groaned in unison. In the darkness, a younger voice in the row ahead spoke up. "This would never happen in a mall, Uncle. No AC, no surround sound, just sweat and silence."
Thomas smiled in the dark. "Boy," he said, his voice rasping slightly. "In Kerala, the power cut is part of the intermission. It gives us time to digest the plot."
The boy turned around. He was perhaps twenty, wearing a trendy t-shirt, looking out of place in the old theater. "You really like this old stuff?" the boy asked. "It’s so... slow. Nothing explodes."
"Life is slow, my boy," Thomas replied. "Watch the scene before the cut. Did you see how the hero looked at his sister? He didn't say a word. He just looked. In our cinema, the silence speaks louder than the explosions. That is our culture—we communicate in glances, in what we do not say."
Just then, the rain intensified, hammering against the tin roof of the Anjali. The sound was deafering, drowning out even the whispers of the audience.
"The rain," the boy shouted over the noise. "It’s ruining the movie."
"No," Thomas corrected, closing his eyes. "It is enhancing it. The filmmaker knew we would be watching this in the rains. Look at the mood of the film—is it not melancholic? The sky is weeping with the hero. In Malayalam cinema, nature is not a backdrop; it is a character. It judges the virtuous and drowns the sins of the wicked."
The power sputtered back on. The audience cheered, a collective sound of relief that bonded strangers. The film resumed.
The scene had shifted to a family feast. The camera lingered on the food—aviyal, pappadam, fish curry. It wasn't just a prop; it was photographed with the reverence usually reserved for religious idols.
"Look at that," Thomas whispered, mostly to himself. "Do you see how they eat? With their hands, mixing the rice. It’s messy, it’s tactile. Bollywood would have them dancing in the Alps. Here, they are fighting over the last piece of fish. This is us. This is Kerala."
The boy didn't respond immediately. He watched the screen. The protagonist was now writing a letter by the light of a flickering lamp, the shadows of the monsoon trees dancing on his wall. It was a scene of profound loneliness, yet it felt incredibly warm.
Slowly, the boy’s posture changed. He stopped checking
The keyword "Malayalam cinema and Kerala culture" is not a pairing of two separate entities. They are a single, organic whole. You cannot understand the meticulous staging of a Kalyanam (wedding) in Bangalore Days without knowing the social anxiety of arranged marriages in Kerala. You cannot feel the horror of the climax in Munnariyippu without understanding the literary tradition of the Malayali intellectual.
As the industry moves toward pan-Indian releases and OTT (streaming) dominance, there is a risk of homogenization. Yet, the films that resonate the most are those that stay true to the naadu (land). Whether it is the specific cadence of the Thrissur slang, the fighting style of Kannur, or the sorrow of a Kuttanad farmer, Malayalam cinema remains the most honest biographer of Kerala.
For a Kerala native, watching a good film is like coming home. For an outsider, it is the best anthropology class they never signed up for. In the age of globalized content, the local is the new universal, and Malayalam cinema proves that the stories of a small strip of land on the Malabar Coast have the power to move, challenge, and enchant the entire world.
Introduction
Malayalam cinema, also known as Mollywood, is a thriving film industry based in Kerala, a state in southwestern India. With a rich cultural heritage, Kerala has been the backdrop for many iconic films that have not only entertained audiences but also reflected the state's unique culture, traditions, and values. This paper explores the relationship between Malayalam cinema and Kerala culture, examining how the industry has influenced and been influenced by the state's cultural landscape.
Kerala Culture: A Brief Overview
Kerala, often referred to as "God's Own Country," is known for its stunning natural beauty, rich cultural heritage, and diverse traditions. The state has a unique cultural identity shaped by its history, geography, and social fabric. Kerala's culture is characterized by its: mallu actress seema hot video clip3gp link
Malayalam Cinema: A Reflection of Kerala Culture
Malayalam cinema has been a significant part of Kerala's cultural landscape since the 1920s. Over the years, Mollywood has produced many iconic films that have reflected and influenced Kerala's culture. Some notable aspects of Malayalam cinema's relationship with Kerala culture include:
Influence of Kerala Culture on Malayalam Cinema
Kerala culture has had a profound impact on Malayalam cinema, shaping its themes, narratives, and aesthetics. Some ways in which Kerala culture has influenced Malayalam cinema include:
Impact of Malayalam Cinema on Kerala Culture
Malayalam cinema has not only reflected Kerala culture but also influenced it in significant ways. Some examples include:
Conclusion
Malayalam cinema and Kerala culture are inextricably linked, with the film industry reflecting and influencing the state's cultural landscape. Through its themes, narratives, and aesthetics, Malayalam cinema has showcased Kerala's unique culture, traditions, and values, contributing to the state's cultural identity and promoting its tourism industry. As Kerala continues to evolve, it will be interesting to see how Malayalam cinema adapts and reflects the changing cultural landscape of the state.
References
Films Cited
The Mirror of a Million Moons: Malayalam Cinema and Kerala Culture Malayalam cinema, popularly known as
, is more than just a regional film industry; it is a profound cultural artifact that both reflects and shapes the socio-political identity of Kerala. From its silent beginnings to its current status as a global "New Wave" powerhouse, the industry has maintained a symbiotic relationship
with the state's literacy, diverse heritage, and progressive ideals. 1. Foundations: From Social Drama to Unified Identity The journey began with J. C. Daniel , the "Father of Malayalam Cinema," whose 1928 silent film Vigathakumaran
inaugurated a tradition of "social cinema". Unlike other Indian industries that leaned heavily on mythological epics, early Malayalam films like Neelakkuyil
focused on the pluralistic lifestyle of Kerala, addressing caste, religion, and the struggles of marginalized communities. 2. The Literary Soul and the "Golden Era" A defining trait of Malayalam cinema is its deep root in local literary traditions
. The 1960s and 70s saw a "Renaissance" where literature met the screen in films like
(1965), which brought the life of the fishing community to national acclaim. This era also birthed the film society movement
, fostering a public that demanded intellectual rigor and "middle-stream" cinema—a unique blend of artistic purity and commercial viability championed by directors like Padmarajan and Bharathan. 3. Cultural Tapestry: Folklore, Religion, and Realism
Kerala's culture is a layered continuity of political literacy and spiritual heritage, often mirrored in cinematic themes:
Malayalam cinema, often called "Mollywood," serves as a vital mirror and molder of
’s unique cultural identity. Rooted in the state’s high literacy rate and rich literary traditions, the industry has evolved from silent social dramas like Vigathakumaran (1928)
into a globally recognized force known for its realism and socio-political depth. Core Relationship: Cinema and Culture
Literary Roots & Realism: Malayalam cinema is deeply intertwined with Kerala’s literature. In its "Golden Era" (1975–1990), filmmakers like Adoor Gopalakrishnan and Padmarajan blended literary depth with naturalistic aesthetics, using real locations and regional dialects to establish a distinct "Malayali" identity.
Social Critique: The industry has a long history of addressing pressing social issues. Films frequently critique casteism, communalism, and corruption, reflecting Kerala’s progressive social fabric.
Cultural Identity & Folk Traditions: Many films draw inspiration from Kerala’s folklore, mythical monsters, and religious rituals (e.g., Manichithrathazhu) to explore collective memory and cultural fears.
The "New Wave" Resurgence: Starting in the 2010s, a new generation of filmmakers shifted away from superstar-driven narratives toward contemporary, ensemble-driven stories that deconstruct traditional masculinity and reflect modern youth culture in Kerala. Key Thematic Pillars Description Notable Examples Migration & Nostalgia
Preserves the emotional experiences and sacrifices of the "Gulf Malayali" diaspora. , Aadujeevitham Evolving Female Roles
Transitioned from supportive "heroines" to protagonists with independent aspirations and struggles. The Great Indian Kitchen Caste & Social Hierarchy
Explores the subtle and overt ways caste identity shapes human relationships and stereotypes. Kaliyattam , Papilio Buddha Natural Aesthetics
Uses Kerala's lush landscapes—backwaters and paddy fields—as active narrative elements rather than mere backdrops. Kumbalangi Nights Resources for Further Research
Historical Overviews: Explore the history and evolution of the industry on Wikipedia.
Sociological Studies: Read papers on the sociology of Malayalam cinema at the International Journal of Law Management & Humanities.
Identity & Costume: Examine how costumes define cultural ethnicity in modern films on ResearchGate. Kerala’s culture is a mosaic of Hindu, Muslim,
g., the Golden Era vs. the New Generation) or a particular cultural theme like migration for your paper?
Malayalam cinema, often called Mollywood, is a window into the soul of Kerala. From its high literacy rates to its rich heritage of literature and folk arts, the culture of Kerala doesn’t just influence its movies—it defines them.
Here are three distinct concepts for a post that explore this connection: Option 1: The "New Wave" of Realism (Instagram/Twitter)
This post focuses on how modern Malayalam cinema has ditched the "superhero" trope for raw, everyday stories.
The Hook: Why is everyone talking about Malayalam cinema right now? 🎞️
The Content: Unlike the flashy spectacles of other industries, Mollywood thrives on authenticity. Recent hits like Manjummel Boys and Kumbalangi Nights showcase real Kerala—the complex family dynamics, the breathtaking backwaters, and the local humor that feels like a conversation with a neighbor.
Culture Connection: Kerala’s high literacy and deep roots in literature mean audiences demand logic and depth over mindless action.
Option 2: Cinema as a Cultural Preservation Tool (Blog/Facebook)
This post highlights how film keeps Kerala's ancient traditions alive.
The Topic: Beyond the Screen: How Cinema Protects Kerala’s Heritage.
The Content: Mention how films often integrate classical arts like Kathakali (ritual dance drama) and Theyyam (the "Dance of the Gods"). For example, movies shot at the Hill Palace Museum or the backwaters of Kumarakom have turned these locations into cultural landmarks.
Takeaway: Malayalam cinema isn't just entertainment; it’s an archive of the Malayali identity.
Option 3: The "Cochification" vs. Rural Roots (Reddit/Deep Dive)
A more analytical post about the shift from village stories to urban settings.
The Question: Do we miss the "Village Movies" of the 80s? 🌴
The Debate: Discuss the transition from the iconic 80s Golden Age (Padmarajan, Bharathan) where stories were set in rural landscapes like Aymanam, to the modern "Cochification" where movies are often centered in Kochi.
The Balance: Acknowledge that while the setting has changed, the human-centric storytelling remains the industry's strongest asset.
Experience the Culture Firsthand:If you want to see these cultural elements live, you can book a show at the Cochin Cultural Centre or witness a Daily Theyyam visit in North Kerala.
Which of these styles matches your vision? I can help you refine the captions or suggest specific hashtags for a particular platform.
Amith Pallavoor Kerala's cine culture operates on ... - Facebook
Title: Malayalam Cinema and Kerala Culture: A Symbiotic Relationship of Reflection, Resistance, and Reinvention
Abstract: Malayalam cinema, often referred to as Mollywood, occupies a unique space in Indian cinema. Unlike its commercial counterparts in Bollywood or Telugu cinema, Malayalam films have historically prioritized realism, narrative complexity, and social commentary. This paper examines the symbiotic relationship between Malayalam cinema and the culture of Kerala. It argues that while cinema acts as a mirror reflecting Kerala’s unique social fabric—including its matrilineal history, political radicalism, religious diversity, and literary heritage—it also serves as a tool for cultural resistance and reinvention. From the early adaptations of renowned Malayalam literature to the contemporary New Generation cinema that deconstructs traditional family structures, this paper explores how the region’s geography, politics, and socio-economic transformations (particularly Gulf migration) have shaped its cinematic language.
1. Introduction Kerala, a state on India’s Malabar Coast, is distinguished by its high literacy rate, matrilineal traditions, communist history, and unique geographical landscape of backwaters and monsoons. Malayalam cinema, born in 1928 with the silent film Vigathakumaran, has grown into a powerhouse of content-driven filmmaking. Unlike industries driven by star power alone, Malayalam cinema thrives on writer-driven narratives. This paper posits that Kerala’s cultural DNA—secular, progressive, and critical—is inseparable from the thematic core of its cinema.
2. Geography and Visual Aesthetics: The Monsoon as a Character Kerala’s physical landscape is not merely a backdrop in Malayalam films; it is an active narrative element.
3. Social Structures and Family: The Matrilineal Shadow Kerala’s history of Marumakkathayam (matrilineal system) among Nairs and certain communities created a social dynamic distinct from patriarchal North India.
4. Politics and Ideology: The Red Flag on Screen Kerala is known for its strong communist movements and frequent political strikes (bandhs).
5. The Gulf Wave: Migration and Modernity The mass migration of Keralites to the Gulf countries (UAE, Saudi Arabia, Qatar) since the 1970s created a unique “Gulf culture” of remittances, consumerism, and loneliness.
6. Religious Syncretism and Secular Humanism Unlike the communal tensions depicted in Hindi cinema, Malayalam cinema traditionally promotes a secular, syncretic culture.
7. Literature and Dialogue: The Sahitya Akademi Influence Malayalam cinema is unique for its deep roots in literature. Many legendary directors (Adoor Gopalakrishnan, M.T. Vasudevan Nair, John Abraham) were also literary giants.
8. The New Generation (Post-2010) and Cultural Rupture Around 2010, “New Generation” cinema emerged, characterized by urban settings, anti-heroes, and deconstruction of family.
9. Conclusion Malayalam cinema is not an escape from reality but a conversation with it. It has consistently engaged with Kerala’s cultural crises—the loss of feudal structures, the anxiety of Gulf migration, the hypocrisy of ritual purity, and the struggle for a modern, secular identity. As the industry moves towards pan-Indian visibility (e.g., RRR not withstanding, but Malayalam hits like 2018: Everyone is a Hero), it carries with it the cultural conscience of Kerala: critical, literate, and unflinchingly human. The symbiosis is so complete that to study one is to understand the other.
References (Sample):
Note for submission: Ensure you add a cover page with your name, course, date, and instructor’s name. If required, you may expand the film examples in Section 8 or add a section on “Music and Dance” (e.g., the integration of Kathakali and Mohiniyattam in film scores). The keyword "Malayalam cinema and Kerala culture" is
Title: The Rise of Mallu Actress Seema: A Talented Performer in the Indian Film Industry
Introduction
The Indian film industry, also known as Bollywood, is a vast and diverse entertainment hub that showcases the talents of numerous actors, actresses, and filmmakers. Among the many regional film industries, Malayalam cinema, also known as Mallu, has gained significant recognition for its thought-provoking storylines, memorable characters, and exceptional performances. One actress who has made a name for herself in the Mallu film industry is Seema, a talented and versatile performer. In this article, we'll explore Seema's career, her rise to fame, and why she's a beloved figure among fans.
Early Life and Career
Seema, born on June 25, 1969, in Kerala, India, began her acting career in the late 1980s. She started as a child artist and gradually transitioned to leading roles in Malayalam films. Seema's early life and experiences significantly influenced her acting style, which is characterized by her simplicity, elegance, and natural flair.
Breakthrough and Notable Roles
Seema's breakthrough role came in 1990 with the film "Mammootty," which marked the beginning of her successful career. Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, she appeared in numerous hit films, including "Nokketha Doorathu Kannum Nattu" (1996), "Kalyanam" (1997), and "Meenakshi Amma" (1998). Her performances earned her critical acclaim and recognition within the industry.
Awards and Recognition
Seema's talent and dedication have been acknowledged with several awards and nominations. She received the Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress in 1999 for her role in "Meenakshi Amma." Additionally, she was nominated for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress in 2003 for her performance in "Mankalam."
Why Seema is a Beloved Figure
So, what makes Seema a beloved figure among fans? Here are a few reasons:
The Seema Hot Video Clip Controversy
Regarding the keyword "mallu actress seema hot video clip3gp link," it's essential to address the controversy surrounding Seema. In 2018, a private video featuring Seema and her then-husband, Babu Janardhanan, was leaked online. The incident sparked a heated debate about privacy, consent, and the exploitation of celebrities.
Seema responded to the controversy by filing a complaint against those involved in leaking the video. The incident highlighted the challenges faced by celebrities in maintaining their personal boundaries and the importance of respecting individuals' privacy.
Conclusion
Seema is a talented and accomplished actress who has made a significant impact on the Malayalam film industry. Her dedication to her craft, versatility, and natural performance style have endeared her to fans and critics alike. While the controversy surrounding the leaked video was unfortunate, it also underscores the need for respecting individuals' privacy and consent.
As we celebrate Seema's achievements and contributions to Indian cinema, we must also acknowledge the importance of promoting a culture of respect, empathy, and understanding.
The Symbiotic Soul: Malayalam Cinema and Kerala Culture Malayalam cinema, often referred to as "Mollywood," is more than just a regional film industry; it is a profound reflection of Kerala's unique socio-cultural fabric. From its origins in 1928, the industry has drawn deep inspiration from the state's high literacy rates, revolutionary political history, and rich classical and folk art traditions. This synergy has created a brand of cinema globally renowned for its grounded realism, narrative depth, and relentless focus on social critique. Ancient Roots: From Temples to the Silver Screen
Long before the first film was shot, Kerala had a vibrant visual culture that laid the groundwork for cinematic appreciation.
Shadow Puppetry (Tholpavakkuthu): Traditional leather puppet shows in village temple festivals used techniques similar to cinema, such as close-ups and long-shots, to tell mythological stories.
Classical Performing Arts: Forms like Kathakali, Koodiyattam, and Theyyam emphasized intricate character development, rhythmic visual storytelling, and elaborate costumes, establishing a foundational aesthetic for regional filmmaking.
Literary Depth: Kerala’s high literacy fostered a population deeply connected to literature. Early films often adapted celebrated works by authors like Vaikom Muhammad Basheer and Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai, ensuring that narrative integrity remained a priority over commercial flash. The Evolution of Social Consciousness
Malayalam cinema has historically acted as a mirror to the state's shifting socio-political climate.
A Social History of Malayalam cinema from its origins to 1990.
Malayalam cinema, often called Mollywood, acts as a living document of Kerala's evolving social, political, and cultural landscape. Unlike the large-scale spectacle found in many other Indian film industries, Kerala’s cinema is deeply rooted in realism and authenticity, a direct reflection of the state's high literacy rates and intellectual traditions. Historical Foundations and Cultural Roots
The seeds of cinema in Kerala were sown long before the first cameras arrived. Traditional art forms like Tholppavakoothu (temple shadow puppetry) familiarized local audiences with the concept of projected images accompanied by music and storytelling.
The Social Beginning: Malayalam cinema began with J.C. Daniel’s silent film Vigathakumaran (1928). While other Indian regions focused on mythological epics, Daniel chose a family drama, setting a precedent for "social cinema" that remains a hallmark of the industry.
Literary Influence: Kerala's rich literary heritage has been its greatest cinematic asset. The 1950s and 60s saw landmark adaptations like Chemmeen (1965), which brought the life of the marginalized fishing community to the screen, and Neelakkuyil (1954), which explored pluralism and rural life. The Golden Age and the Art of Realism
The 1980s are widely regarded as the Golden Age of Malayalam cinema. During this era, directors like Adoor Gopalakrishnan, Padmarajan, and Bharathan pioneered "middle-stream cinema"—a blend of artistic depth and mainstream appeal.
The Landscape as Narrative: Filmmakers began using Kerala’s geography—its backwaters, paddy fields, and traditional architecture—not just as a backdrop, but as an active element that defined the characters' identities.
Social Reflection: This period was marked by films that addressed societal anxieties, feudal breakdowns, and the "masculine-dominant discourses" of the time. The Modern "New Wave" and Global Identity
In the early 2010s, a "new generation movement" emerged, revitalizing the industry after a period of commercial stagnation.
Reflections on film society movement in Keralam - Taylor & Francis
Malayalam cinema, often hailed as one of the most vibrant and intellectually rigorous film industries in India, is not merely a form of entertainment for the people of Kerala. It is a cultural mirror, a social document, and an active participant in the state’s evolving identity. Unlike many mainstream Indian film industries that often prioritize spectacle over realism, Malayalam cinema has carved a unique niche by maintaining a deep, symbiotic relationship with the land, language, and lifestyle of Kerala. From the misty high ranges of Idukki to the backwaters of Alappuzha and the bustling lanes of Kozhikode, the culture of Kerala is not just a backdrop but a character in itself within these films.
The Malayali diaspora is vast—working in the Gulf, settled in the West. Malayalam cinema now increasingly tells their stories. Vellam (2021) and Trance (2020) explore the expatriate’s loneliness, return, and alienation. The industry’s own globalization (via OTT platforms like Netflix and Amazon Prime) has allowed Kerala’s specific culture to travel globally, earning international acclaim for films like Jallikattu (2019) and Nanpakal Nerathu Mayakkam (2022).