Michelle Romanis Ttl Models →

Romanis argues that many ed-tech tools fail because they increase extraneous cognitive load. The CLF is a pre-implementation checklist:

Application: Only tools that pass all four filters with a “low load” rating are approved for use in a given lesson. Romanis famously states: “Every unnecessary click is a cognitive tax on a working memory that could be processing math or vocabulary.”

Caption: Taking it way back to the golden era of internet glamour! 🌐✨ If you spent any time on forums in the 2000s/early 2010s, you definitely recognize Michelle Romanis from TTL Models.

She completely defined the TTL aesthetic—effortlessly blending automotive culture, Miami vibes, and that classic glamour look. The early internet modeling scene was so iconic, and Michelle was undoubtedly one of the standouts. 💅🏎️🌅 michelle romanis ttl models

Who else remembers scrolling through these photo sets? Drop a 🙋‍♀️ in the comments if this gives you nostalgia!

#MichelleRomanis #TTLModels #Y2KAesthetic #InternetNostalgia #RetroGlamour #2000sFashion #CarShowModels #ThrowbackThursday #EarlyInternet #GlamourModel

Standard TTL uses a totem-pole output: an upper NPN (Q1, pull-up) and a lower NPN (Q4, pull-down) in series. Romanis’ model of this stage is famous for explaining three critical behaviors: Romanis argues that many ed-tech tools fail because

Romanis extends her models to Schottky TTL by adding Schottky diodes across the base-collector junctions of saturated transistors. In her equivalent circuit:

She also models Low-Power Schottky (74LS) by increasing resistor values (e.g., base resistors from 4kΩ to 20kΩ), which reduces power from 10mW/gate to 2mW/gate, but increases propagation delay slightly.

In the evolving landscape of educational technology and pedagogy, few have articulated the practical application of theoretical models as clearly as Michelle Romanis. A educator, researcher, and instructional designer based in South Africa, Romanis has become a notable voice in decolonizing and contextualizing how teachers use the TTL (Transformative, Transactional, Transmissional) framework—originally derived from the work of Naicker and others studying inclusive and technology-rich education. Application: Only tools that pass all four filters

For schools or districts wishing to adopt Romanis’ TTL models:

Do not start with a "fun" hook. Start with a low-stakes retrieval quiz from last week (Assess). This primes the brain for learning.