In Alpha 1.2.6_01, you had exactly 28 block types (excluding tools). That was it.
There was no "end game." The end game was the monument you built. Modern Minecraft has become a quest-driven RPG with brewing, enchanting, and the Ender Dragon. Alpha 1.2.6_01 is a digital Lego box.
The most striking difference is the lighting engine. Alpha uses a "smooth" ambient light curve that is less contrasty than Beta, but far flatter than modern Ray Tracing. minecraft alpha 1.2.6-01
To understand 1.2.6_01, you must understand the terror and wonder of Alpha.
By October 2010, Notch (Markus Persson) was a man under siege by success. Minecraft had exploded out of the Indie Dev scene. The player base was growing exponentially, demanding features: fishing, weather, the Nether, and the long-promised "Survival Multiplayer" (SMP). In Alpha 1
Why is this minor hotfix legendary? Because it was the last minor update before Notch announced the transition to Minecraft Beta 1.0 (released Dec 20, 2010). Alpha 1.2.6_01 is the final, stable, frozen snapshot of Minecraft before hunger bars, XP orbs, and the dramatic difficulty spike of Beta.
Because 1.2.6_01 was the last Alpha, it became the foundation for the "Alpha Modding Scene." Mods like IndustrialCraft (early versions) and Minecarts Redux first appeared here. Modders chose this version because the code was still simple—Notch hadn't obfuscated it heavily yet. You could decompile the .jar with a single command and edit the Java files by hand. There was no "end game
It was the Wild West.