Yes – use Find My Device (Android) or Find My iPhone (iOS). These track the device, not the SIM card. Alternatively, contact your carrier to block the SIM using your ICCID (found on your SIM pack or carrier app).
Save the number in your phone. Open WhatsApp – if the person has an account, their profile picture and "last seen" (if public) may appear. This gives you a clue (e.g., a photo or business name).
Mobile network operators (MNOs) like Verizon, Vodafone, Airtel, T-Mobile, and Jio are legally bound to protect customer data. They cannot publish a public directory of SIM owners. The only exception is a landline telephone directory (White Pages), which is voluntary. For mobile numbers, there is no default public directory.
Scammers create fake tracker apps that ask for "Device Admin" permissions. Once installed, they lock your phone (ransomware) or steal your contacts.
Install Truecaller, search the number. Even if the name is "Spam" or "Telemarketer," you get a warning.
Truecaller is the most popular crowdsourced caller ID app. It works like this:
How to use: Visit truecaller.com or download the app. Enter the number. It will show the name if available.